Dr.(Mrs.) OYEM IFEANYI MIRIAN
Publication Title Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in the Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria: A Public Health Perspective
Publication Type journal
Publisher Faculty of Science, Federal University Oye Ekiti
Paper Link www.fuoye.edu.ng
Publication Authors I.M. Oyem, L. U. Oshilonyah, J. C. Igborgbor and J. O. Ojugbo
Year Published 2024-08-01
Abstract Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a common bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. During pregnancy, anatomical and hormonal changes create an environment favorable for the proliferation of bacteria in the urinary tract, increasing the susceptibility to UTIs which can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the foetus. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of prevention practices related to UTI among pregnant women attending antenatal care. A structured survey was conducted with a diverse sample of pregnant women receiving antenatal services in central hospital, Agbor. The findings revealed a varied level of awareness and understanding among the participants regarding UTI prevention practices. While a significant portion (83.6%) of the respondents demonstrated a good grasp of preventive measures, such as adequate hydration and personal hygiene, there were areas where knowledge gaps were evident. Notably, knowledge about the importance of regular urine tests during antenatal care and the consequences of untreated UTI. The results underscore the need for targeted public health interventions during antenatal care appointments to enhance pregnant women’s knowledge of UTI prevention. Improved awareness in this regard can potentially reduce the incidence of UTI during pregnancy and mitigate associated risks. Healthcare providers must play a pivotal role in delivering comprehensive information and guidance, ensuring the well-being of both expectant mothers and their unborn children.
Publication Title Effects of Chemicals and Plastics on the Environment: A Review
Publication Type journal
Publisher Faculty of Computing, University of Delta, Agbor.
Paper Link https://focjournal.unidel.edu.ng/1
Publication Authors Omoruyi, C.I., Oyem, I.M , Oyem, H. H & Obukohwo I.
Year Published 2024-05-01
Abstract The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the human population states that good health
and well-being as well as building sustainable cities and communities are essential aspects of man’s
survival here on earth. This paper attempts to review the effects of chemicals, and plastics in our
contemporary environment and the innovative solutions for their safe disposal. Indiscriminate use of
chemicals, dumping of untreated domestic and industrial wastes in landfills and water bodies, burning of
refuse all contribute to the problem. It brings to focus the various means by which these pollutants get into
our environment, even unknowingly and ways by which this environmental menace can be minimized. Their
presence in our environment, particularly in the developing and under developed world has over the years
become a ticking time bomb with recourse to human health. Many debilitating human conditions such as
cancers and neurological disorders have been traced to the effects of these pollutants. Public enlightenment
on the dangers of these pollutants amongst others is advocated in this work.
Publication Title Interaction of Edible Vegetable oils with Visible Light: Implications for Food Quality
Publication Type journal
Publisher Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State
Publication Authors Oyem, H. H. & Oyem, I.M.
Year Published 2024-11-01
Abstract The practice of exposing edible vegetable oils to light and the effect on food quality was the focus of this study. Palm and groundnut oil were studied under the influence of different wavelengths of light corresponding to red, blue, and green light for about a period of one month during which the acid values, free fatty acid values, peroxide values, and iodine values were monitored. Results indicated that both acid values and free fatty acid values of the two oil types increased directly with light in the order of red > blue > green light respectively. Second, light had barely little effect on the peroxide values of the two oils during the storage period. Third, the light had a weak effect on the iodine values of the two oil types studied. Fourth, groundnut oil was safer for consumption than palm oil after a long period of exposure to light. It was concluded that indiscriminately exposing these oils to light affected their quality as it led to increased hydrolysis of triglycerides. It was recommended that oils should be packaged in amber containers to limit the absorption of incident light.
Publication Title IONIZING RADIATIONS AND CANCERS
Publication Type journal
Publisher African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment (AJHSE)
Paper Link https://www.ajhse.org/
Publication Authors DR. (MRS) OMORUYI CHIADIKA and DR. (MRS) OYEM IFEANYI
Year Published 2023-05-01
Abstract It is well established that ionizing radiation causes cancer through direct DNA damage. People are affected by this radiation from medical exposures like x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, naturally occurring radiation (emitted from bedrock with the earth’s crust and cosmic rays emitted by the sun), and occupational exposures from nuclear facilities and power plants to health workers, aircrew and nuclear workers. Harmful effects are cell alteration, genetic mutation, which result in carcinogenesis in living organism and other adverse effects on plants and the environment. The major mechanisms by which ionizing radiation results in carcinogenesis are initiation, promotion and progression. Ionizing radiation is one of the strongest complete carcinogens that can realize neoplastic potential at all stages of the tumor process. Measures of protection from ionizing radiation such as shielding, monitoring and the use of personal protective equipment are essential for safety and regulation.
Publication Title GENDER DIFFERENTIAL MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN SELECTED SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Publication Type journal
Publisher Abacus-Mathematics Association of Nigeria (MAN)
Publication Authors Oliweh Ifeanyi Solomon & Dr. Oyem Ifeanyi M.
Year Published 2021-08-01
Abstract This study focused on the Gender Differences in Mathematics Achievement of Students in
Selected Secondary Schools in Delta State, Nigeria. The stratified random sampling technique
was used. The population for the study was 800 students’ in secondary schools. One research
question and hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Data were collected and analyzed
using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) according to the research objectives
of the study. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Research hypothesis was
analyzed using t-test analysis for mean variance. The decision was based on the t-test p-value of
the models. The homogeneity of the variance is supported by Levene’s test for equality of
variance. The results of the hypothesis show that there was no significant difference in the
performance of boys and girls students in Mathematics.
Publication Title REFUSE DISPOSAL AND ITS ATTENDANT HEALTH HAZARDS: A CASE STUDY OF AGBOR, DELTA STATE OF NIGERIA
Publication Type journal
Publisher GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Publication Authors OYEM IFEANYI MIRIAN
Year Published 2011-03-15
Abstract The problem of solid waste (refuse) disposal and its attendant health hazards in Ika south local
government area (Agbor) of Delta state, Nigeria is reported. Questionnaire was the data collection
instrument used. The questionnaire focused on the effect of untreated refuse dumps on the health of the
people, the success recorded so far with our present day refuse disposal methods and the level of the
problem of refuse disposal within the locality. In all, two hundred questionnaires were distributed.
Respondent’s frequency was analyzed using the student t-test at 0.05 level of significance. 1350
respondents, representing a mean value of 135.0 of the total respondent frequency of 2000, agreed that
improper dumping of refuse constitutes a health hazard, while 650 respondents (mean value of 65.0)
disagreed, indicating a significant difference between the respondents at 0.05 level of probability. 1100
respondents (mean value of 110.0) also agreed that our present day refuse disposal methods have
failed us while 900 (mean value of 90.0) disagreed. Again 1432 respondents believe that the problem of
poor refuse disposal has reached an alarming rate while 568 respondents believe otherwise. This paper
therefore proposes more effective and better funded solid waste management, and enlightenment
campaigns mounted by the statutory council authority to sensitize the people on safe health practices.
Publication Title Antibiotics Sensitivity Patterns and Plasmid Profiles Analysis of Some Selected Bacteria Isolated from Septic Tank Sewage
Publication Type journal
Publisher Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Paper Link http://pubs.sciepub.com/aees/8/5/10
Publication Authors Oyem Ifeanyi Mirian, Atuanya Ernest Ikenna
Year Published 2020-07-06
Abstract The antibiotics sensitivity patterns and plasmid profiles of some selected bacteria isolated from septic tank sewage in the region under study was evaluated. Three replicate samples from Locations A, B and C representing Agbor, Benin and Sapele regions of Delta and Edo States, Nigeria respectively was collected from both the influent tank (raw sewage) and the effluent chamber (semi treated sewage) between November 2018 and January 2019 for testing. A composite sample was formed from the three samples collected. Antibiotic resistance testing was done to determine the resistance profile of the isolates using Mueller-Hinton agar plates which were prepared and appropriately labelled. These plates were inoculated with standardized microbial broth cultures by spread plate technique and left to dry for 30 minutes. Commercially available antibiotics discs containing varying concentrations of various types of commonly used antibiotics were placed at adequate distances on each of the seeded agar plates and incubated for 12h. Plasmid DNA from all tested strains was obtained by using alkaline lysis method. Cells were grown overnight at 37oC in a nutrient broth in a 1.5 ml micro tube. The growth was harvested by centrifuging at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes. The plasmid DNA was visualized by placing the gel in an ultraviolet transilluminator in a photo documentation system. The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance was highest in Amoxicillin (90.5%) and least in Augmentin (40.5%). There was no significant difference (p>0.01) between antibiotic resistance in raw sewage and in the semi-treated sewage. Escherichia coli had the highest MAR index (0.9) while Proteus sp. had the lowest MAR index (0.4). Plasmid analysis of 9 bacterial isolates showed that 4 (44.4%) possessed plasmids each of molecular weight 23.1kb while 5 (56.6%) had no plasmid DNA.
Publication Title The impact of mass literacy on birth control among women: A case study of Ika South LGA, Delta State.
Publication Type journal
Publisher African Journal of Science Technology and Mathematics Education
Paper Link https://www. ajstme. com. ng
Publication Authors Oyem I. M. and Oliweh S. I.
Year Published 2024-04-11
Abstract The study was undertaken with the purpose of assessing the impact of mass literacy on birth control
among women in Ika South L.G.A of Delta State. To facilitate the analysis, three research hypotheses
were formulated and tested on 150 female respondents using a questionnaire as the instrument of data
collection. The data collected was analyzed using the student t-test of significance. The result obtained
indicates that a mean score of 85.38 of the respondentfrequency agreed that the use of birth control
among women is not dependent on the level of literacy, while 63.63 disagreed. A mean value of 104.63
of the total respondent frequency also affirmed that effective use of mass media and public
enlightenment programmes has significantly led to the reduction in the number of children bored to one
woman, as against 44.38 who refuted the claim. Again, a mean score of 116.75 of the total responses
agrees that poverty has a significant impact on the practice of birth control among women, while 32.25
believe otherwise. The researcher concluded that efforts to improve family planning services, especially
in rural areas can have a significant impact on the lives of women and children. It is therefore
recommended that appropriate information strategies on mass literacy programmes be used to
promote safe and effective motherhood.
Publication Title BORATES-STABILIZED SILVER NANOCLUSTERS: POST-SYNTHESIS LIGANDS EXCHANGE REACTION WITH CYSTEINE
Publication Type journal
Publisher Faculty of Science, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
Publication Authors Oyem, H.H. & Oyem, I.M.
Year Published 2024-09-07
Abstract The lability of the inorganic capping ligands on silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) formed by the microemulsion method was studied in an exchange reaction with cysteine amino acid in aqueous conditions. The essence was to study the feasibility of this exchange reaction in vivo systems with similar biomolecules especially in the field of medicine and drug delivery systems mimicking antigens–antibody reactions in immunology and immunochemistry. Ag NCs were synthesized in microemulsion droplets. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) shows the formation of these Ag nanocrystals on a holey carbon grid. The crystals were approximately 2 nm in average size, generally spherical and monodispersed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to monitor the reaction by observing the disappearance and significant changes in the vibrational frequencies between the inorganic ligand-stabilized Ag NCs which served as the control, and the new Ag(cysteine) complex. The FT-IR result confirmed the formation of the Ag(cysteine) molecule with the binding site seemingly on the nitrogen atom of the amine group of the cysteine molecule. The resulting new compound was considered to be a zwitterion with a carboxylate ion end group which is prone to switching into a resonance hybrid structure with the delocalization of the electron charge of the carboxylate group. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) data confirmed the molecular mass and formula of the new Ag(cysteine) complex and the successful ligand exchange reaction.
Publication Title Solar energy revolution and Energy Crisis in Nigeria.
Publication Type journal
Publisher The Nigerian Journal of Energy and Environmental Economics, 1(1): 52-60.
Publication Authors Oyem, H. H., Obiwulu, E. N. O., and Oyem, I. M.
Year Published 2008-08-08
Abstract This paper examined solar energy and its possible use as an alternative source of energy in
contemporary Nigeria. It looked at the sun as the source of solar energy. The inherent nuclear reaction
that goes on in the core of the sun was briefly discussed. A case for the availability and generation of
solar energy was also made. The peculiarity of Nigeria’s geographic location vis-à-vis the availability of
steady solar radiation was considered. An incisive interest was given to the impact of the energy crisis
on small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs), a major driving force of the economies of many nations.
The effort was also made to look at the solar energy revolution and the issue of alternative energy
supply. Benefits of solar energy technology as a tool for kick-starting the economy and ameliorating the
effects of global oil politics cum prices, and dwindling oil supplies.
Publication Title Relationship between Mycorrhizal infection ratings and chlorophyll A content of root segments of cassava clones (TMS 30572 and 20555) grown in Bentex T – T-treated soil.
Publication Type journal
Publisher he Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 12(2):426-432.
Publication Authors Oyem, I. M.
Year Published 2011-11-11
Abstract Two clones of cassava (TMS 30572 and 30555) were grown in varying levels/litres of bentex T-treated
soil. Mycorrhizal infection ratings and chlorophyll a content of cassava clones were studied. The level of
root colonization by vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhizal (VAM) fungi affected the chlorophyll content of the
test plant. The unamended soil (control) had the highest VAM fungi root colonization (84 %). Chlorophyll
content was least at this treatment (91.1 µg/mm2) and highest at the 50 µg/g soil treatment (133.9
µg/g). The relationship between mycorrhizal infection ratings and the chlorophyll content of the plant
was correlated (r=0.425) in TMS 30572 and in TMS 30555 (r = 0.647). The test parameters had minimal
variation (p?0.05) between treatments in both clones of the plant. However, clonal di?erences were
observed in the level of root colonization by VAM fungi. The relevance of these results in the
management and growth of crops is discussed.
Publication Title Effect of Family Background on Girl-child Science Education in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State;
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of the Forum for African Women Educationalists (IJOFAWE), 2: 1-10.
Publication Authors Oyem, I. M. and Onwuka, P.
Year Published 2020-02-02
Abstract This paper examined the effect of family background on girl-child science education in Ika South LGA of
Delta State. It contends that the girl-child has the same potential as their male counterparts in
contributing to national development, given the requisite skills and abilities. The data used in this study
was collected from 150 randomly sampled respondents comprising the adult population. A five-
pointLikert scale questionnaire which contained thirty questions in three sections reflecting the
hypothesis was used in the study. The Chi-square statistical tool was adopted in the study. Data analysis
revealed that personal level of education has a significant influence on girl-child science education. It
also reports that the socio-economic status of parents affects girl-child science education significantly.
The study recommends that the girl-child irrespective of her family background be given quality science
education at all levels of learning.
Publication Title Microbial and Physicochemical Qualities of Septic Tank Wastewater: An Evaluation
Publication Type journal
Publisher East African Journal of Health and Science
Publication Authors Dr Ifeanyi Mirian Oyem, Dr. Hector Henry Oyem, Dr. Emmanuel Esosa Imarhiagbe
Year Published 2021-11-10
Abstract The physicochemical and microbial qualities of septic tank effluent samples from households within the study area were evaluated. Three replicate samples from Locations A, B, and C representing Agbor, Benin City, and Sapele regions of Delta and Edo States, Nigeria were collected from both the inlet tank (raw sewage) and the outlet chamber (semi-treated sewage) for physicochemical and microbiological analyses using standard methods. Results of the physicochemical analyses showed that pH values ranged from 6.5 – 7.7 across locations and in both the raw and semi-treated samples. Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solid (TSS) and BOD was significantly higher (p>0.05) in the raw sewage (RS) than in the semi-treated (SS), while DO was higher (p>0.05) in the SS in all three locations sampled. Microbial analysis shows that total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) was highest in the RS in two locations. Microbial isolates from wastewater samples included Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus niger. DO was low at an average of 3.20 and 3.73 mg/L in both chambers of the septic tank. Average BOD5 of 59.4 and 42.8 mg/L and COD average of 206.8 and 153.2 mg/L were reported for the RS and SS chambers. 0.3 was the value of the ratio of BOD5/COD for the RS and SS in the study. This infers that biodegradation was slow and inefficient in the septic tank system, and that modification of the design is recommended to increase retention time in the RS chamber
Publication Title Molecular Characterisation of Bacteria Strains of Septic Tank Sewage Samples from related sites in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria using 16S rRNA DGGE
Publication Type journal
Publisher African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (AJEST)
Paper Link http://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2020.2851
Publication Authors Oyem, I.M; Oyem, H.H. & Atuanya,E.I.
Year Published 2020-04-30
Abstract The molecular characterization of raw septic tank sewage in the region under study was evaluated using 16S rRNA Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Raw effluent samples from three septic tanks in the Delta and Edo States region of Nigeria was collected between November 2018 and January 2019 for testing. A composite sample was formed from the three samples collected. The raw sewage sample was sequenced for genomic DNA using Norgen DNA extraction kit to determine the microorganisms present in raw sewage sample. Gene sequence analysis revealed the presence of Methanococcus methanococcus 288171278, Deferribacteres bacterium 291088137, Flavobacteria bacterium 308271278, Bacteroides dorei 671713918, Clostridium difficile 115249003, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis 91203347, Methanosarcina bankeri 827396966, Methanococcus maripaludis 4505076 and Methanobacterium formicicum 693274837, and Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans 430782295 . The phylogram of the different isolates (fig 4.15) shows that methane producing bacteria were 7 out of the 13 bacteria isolated. Representing (53.8%) of the total species occurrence in the sample.
Publication Title Biodegradation Potential of some Bacteria and Fungi Isolates from Septic Tank Sewage in some related sites in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Geosciences and Environmental Protection
Paper Link http://doi.org/10.4236/gep2020.89005
Publication Authors Ifeanyi Mirian Oyem, Hector Henry Oyem & Ernest Ikenna Atuanya
Year Published 2020-09-14
Abstract The biodegradation potentials of some selected bacteria isolated from septic tank sewage in the region under study were examined. Three replicate samples from Locations A, B and C representing Agbor, Benin and Sapele regions of Delta and Edo States, Nigeria respectively were collected from the influent tank (raw sewage) between November 2018 and January 2019 for testing. The sewage in 10 ml septic tubes for both experimental and control samples was subjected to shake flask biodegradation analysis using the isolates with the highest screen test result. A total of 18 bio-treatment options were available in this study. In the shake flask biodegradation of sewage using isolates, total organic carbon (TOC) values from day 0 to 25 in all isolates were lower compared with the control experiments. TOC values at day 25 were lowest (0.10 mg/L) in the treatment containing Bacillus sp. + Klebsiella sp. as compared to the TOC value (2.01mg/L) of the treatment which had Aeromonas sp. + Bacillus sp. + Klebsiella sp. pH, EC, COD, TDS, DO and BOD were also monitored for a period of 3 weeks. In all treatment options, there was a rapid increase in the BOD for the experimental set up around day 10 – 20 which ranged between 74.82 - 187.54 mg/l. The overall physical observation (odour, consistency and colour) of the experimental and the control septic tubes showed very high remarkable reductions in the experimental set-up when compared with the observation made for the control samples.
Publication Title AN INVESTIGATION INTO GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION IN AGBOR AND OWA COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA
Publication Type journal
Publisher Sacha Journal of Environmental Studies
Publication Authors Oyem, I. M., Oyem, H.H. Oyem, M.N., Usese, A.I., Ezeweali, D & Obiwulu, E.N.O
Year Published 2015-02-15
Abstract Groundwater is the predominant source of water in Ika land without any treatment with questions on its safety. Fifty borehole water sites were sampled divided into five sample areas. Nitrate contents were determined by colorimetric method, and chloride by titration with silver nitrate solution (APHA standard method 4500-Cl-B). From the results obtained, chloride values were consistently low in all the sampled areas. Secondly, very low nitrate values were similarly recorded in the sample areas. Thirdly, a mean value of NO 3-/Cl-ratio of 0.003 was observed, an indication of groundwater geochemical evolution. However, both the chloride and nitrate contents of the groundwater fell very far below international guideline values. Microbial analyses reveal that all but one sampled area posted negative results for the presence of E.coli, Salmonella spp. was not detected. It is obvious that the groundwater quality is wholesome with regards to the parameters here analyzed. However, personal hygiene is advised.
Publication Title Iron, manganese, cadmium, chromium, zinc and arsenic groundwater contents of Agbor and Owa communities of Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher SpringerPlus
Paper Link http://doi/.org/10.1186/s40064-015-0867-0
Publication Authors Hector Henry Oyem. Ifeanyi Mirian Oyem & Amii Isaac Usese
Year Published 2015-03-15
Abstract Iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium, and chromium heavy metals and arsenic contents of groundwater in area and surrounding environment, of Ika land in the Delta state, Nigeria was studied. Groundwater without any treatment is the predominant source of drinking water by inhabitants of these communities. However, the quality of this water source is not immediately known, raising questions of its safety. Results of a regional composite of groundwater obtained, shows high iron (27%) and zinc (36%) contents in Boji-Boji Agbor area, manganese (31%) was highest in Boji-Boji Owa. Alihame recorded the lowest value of zinc (8%), while manganese was lowest in Agbor Obi area (12%). Arsenic, cadmium, and chromium were below detection limit in all the sample sites. Correlational matrix analysis revealed no significant relationships between metal types studied. Analyses of chronic daily dose intake (CDI), and hazard index were all very low. A hazard index of 0.01 was obtained. One-way ANOVA show significant statistical difference in the mean concentrations of the heavy metals for the different sample sites, which indicate that different sites contribute differently to the mean concentrations of the groundwater in the study area. Four conclusions are drawn from this study. Indications are that the heavy metals present in the Nigerian aquifer are very much below the maximum concentration levels and guideline values of national and WHO standards. Secondly, there is a heavier load of these metals in the city centre than in the suburbs; with Boji-Boji area Agbor/Owa urban areas accounting for 27 and 20 percent of load respectively. Thirdly, the below detection limit results for some of the metal ions and the very low concentrations of those detected are pointers to the absence of industrial activities and mining. Finally, the groundwater in the study area is considered to be generally safe with respect to the contaminants studied and results posted for the composite samples. Inhabitants are therefore under no illusion of immediate or remote health challenges with regards to the heavy metals analyzed. More individual sampling, however, is recommended.
Publication Title Barium, Calcium and Sodium, Cyanide, Phosphate and Sulphate Contents of Groundwater in Some Ika Communities of Delta State, Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Geosciences and Environmental Protection
Publication Authors Hector H. Oyem, Ifeanyi M. Oyem & Esther N. Obiwulu
Year Published 2017-08-03
Abstract Barium, calcium, sodium, cyanide, phosphate and sulphate and contents of groundwater in Boji-Boji (BB) area and suburbs of Ika land, Delta State, Nigeria were studied. Groundwater is the predominant source of water for inhabitants of these communities without any form of treatment. 55 borehole water sites spread within these five sample sub-areas. The metal ions were analyzed using Solar Unicam flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Sulphate, phosphate, and cyanide contents were determined by colorimetric method. Results indicate the presence of sodium, calcium, sulphate, and phosphate. However, barium and cyanide were below detection limit. Secondly, there was a relatively higher proportion of calcium and sulphate than sodium and phosphate in its aquifer. Thirdly, a mean ratio value of 0.018 and 0.158 was observed for the ratios of Na+/Ca2+ and respectively. Fourthly, sodium showed good correlation with all the other parameters. Finally, nearly all the studied parameters have concentrations below the maximum contaminant levels of the World Health Organization (WHO), invariably inferring that the water is wholesome with respect to the analytes. However, concern still remains from a health point of view on the sodium concentrations in many sample areas.
Publication Title Heavy metals pH-mediated microbial remediation of septic tank effluents
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research
Publication Authors Oyem, I.M; & Oyem, H.H.
Year Published 2022-06-01
Abstract This paper studied the role of pH in the microbial remediation of heavy metals in septic tank effluents from three sample locations in the south-south region of Nigeria. The region is famous for agriculture, industrial and auto-mechanic activities leading to the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metal contaminants through the food chain. Heavy metals concentrations, pH, and microbial analysis in effluent samples, were determined using standard methods. The material balance approach (see Supplementary Information) was adopted to account for analytes remediation and speciation in the system according to the Law of Conservation of Mass (Matter). The pH of the study area ranged from 6.5 to 7.7. The pH conditions in location A was alkaline, while locations B and C were slightly acidic. Iron was the most abundant metal with a concentration range of 0.01 to 0 9.41 mg/L. The order of magnitude of heavy metals in the septic tanks in the study area is Fe > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd > Mn > Cu > Ni > V. Metal removal mechanism followed the metal-microbes adsorption and precipitation processes dictated by the in situ pH of the system. Total heterotrophic bacteria were the most dominant in the septic tanks. A removal coefficient of ? 0.33 (i.e, 0 < x ? 0.33 (where x ? 0)) was considered optimum. The percentage metal ion removal was inversely proportional to the removal coefficient and vice versa. Acidic conditions favoured the sequestration of more heavy metals from the effluent and the attainment of the 67.0 % and 0.33 removal efficiency thresholds. Finally, the heavy metals concentrations were indicative of bioaccumulation. Secondly, the pH conditions are not ideal enough to cause the efficient remediation of heavy metals from effluents. Further treatment of the sludge component before disposal is seriously advocated.
Publication Title Spatial analysis of heavy metals in septic tank sewage
Publication Type journal
Publisher Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology
Publication Authors Hector H. Oyem & Ifeanyi M. Oyem
Year Published 2023-08-08
Abstract Heavy metals get to humans through food, water, air, and industrial activities. They arrive at septic tanks through the excretory products of man and undergo anaerobic bioremediation. Effluent and sludge sewage in both chambers of the tank contains various amounts of trace metals. The research analyses the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the effluent and sludge components of the septic tank during bioremediation. Effluent and sludge samples were randomly collected from three study locations in southern Nigeria, and composite samples were made for each of these study locations. Nine trace metals were analysed using standard methods by the American Public Health Association (APHA) for water and wastewater examination. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr were the most abundant. Effluent heavy metals concentrations were higher in the inlet chamber. There were strong positive correlation (r = 0.90, 0.99, and 0.99) between the effluent and sludge samples. P-values obtained from the ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level confirmed the correlation values. Multivariate charts and regression analysis gave R2-values in the range of 0.3045 – 0.3724 in the study with a mean value of 0.33. In conclusion, the effluent and sludge samples were strongly correlated and all the metal types analysed were also present in the sludge in similar proportions. The sludge contained significant levels of trace metals with dire implications for the environment.
Publication Title Bacterial Indicators of Contamination in Highly Impacted Segment of Tropical Lagoon, Southwest Nigeria
Publication Type journal
Publisher Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management
Publication Authors A. I. Obiakara-Amaechi D. O. Iyiola I. M. Oyem R. O. Moruf L. O. Chukwu
Year Published 2022-05-05
Abstract Increasing deterioration of coastal waters is a major public health concern in many regions of the developing world. This study investigates the impact of water quality on the proliferation of bacterial pathogens in surface water, sediment and tissues of fish, Sarotherodon melanotheron from the Makoko axis of Lagos Lagoon. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics and microbial quality of samples followed standard methods and procedures. Measured water quality parameters (water temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) which showed no significant variation (p>0.05) across study stations were within the Nigerian Federal Environmental Protection Agency set limit The highest total bacterial count (TBC) (214.09±43.95 x 10 5 CFU g-1), total coliform counts (TCC) (91.15±15.05 ×10 4 CFU g-1) and total faecal coliform (TFC) (36.22±12.98×10³ CFU g-1) were recorded in fish muscle tissue while the lowest TBC (52.39±39.72 x 10 5 CFU ml-1), TCC (33.45±33.94 ×10 4 CFU ml-1) and TFC (0.19±0.18×10³ CFU ml-1) were recorded in water sample. The bacterial species with the highest percentages of occurrence in water, sediment, fish gill and fish muscle tissue were Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.11 %), Enterobacter aerogenes (32.37 %), Escherichia coli (32.97 %) and E. coli (29.00 %) respectively. A very strong positive correlation (r = 1.00) was obtained between TBC in water and salinity as well as with dissolved oxygen levels. Likewise, the TBCs in fish parts (muscle tissue and gill) were positively correlated with the water temperature and turbidity. On the other hand, a negative correlation was obtained between pH and TBC in fish muscle tissue (r =-0.81) as well as with fish gut (r =-0.77). The relatively high counts of pathogenic bacteria species recorded during the study have serious public health implications.
Publication Title Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Groundwater in Boji-BojiAgbor/Owa Area and Immediate Suburbs
Publication Type journal
Publisher Research Journal of Environmental Sciences
Publication Authors H.H. Oyem, I. M. Oyem & D. Ezeweali
Year Published 2014-11-25
Abstract Temperature, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand in ground water of Agbor/Owa town and immediate suburbs were studied. Groundwater is the predominant source of water by inhabitants of these communities without any treatment. However, the quality of this water source is not immediately known, therefore, there is the question of its safety. Temperature readings were taken on site using mercury in glass thermometer, pH and conductance readings of the samples were quickly determined by Corning pH meter model 430 and DDS 307 conductivity meter, TDS and COD by APHA standard methods, respectively. Analyses reveal that temperature, pH, conductivity and TDS range of 27.0-28.1°C, pH was 6.10-6.97, conductivity 8.25-14.46 ?S cm-1, TDS 4.13-7.22 mg L-1 and COD 46.80-93.60 mg L-1. Correlational matrix showed temperature correlated very positively with EC and TDS and to a lesser extent with COD. Other positive correlates were between: EC with temperature and TDS; TDS also showed very strong correlation with temperature and EC. The mean values recorded for all studied parameters were 27.7°C, 6.81, 11.08 ?S cm-1, 5.53 and 62.72 mg L-1 for temperature, pH, EC, TDS and COD, respectively. These suggest that the groundwater is of rather good quality with values quite below and within the guideline values of WHO, USEPA and Nigerian water safety standards.
Publication Title Environmental effects on peeled, cut and exposed pineapple fruits by vendors: implications on food quality
Publication Type journal
Publisher Nigerian Food Journal
Publication Authors H.H Oyem I.M Oyem N.S Nwaefiene
Year Published 2011-11-21
Abstract A fairly ripe pine apple fruit was peeled and cut in to five portions of approximate sizes, wrapped in transparent plastic films and exposed for 8hours in a tray at a height of about six feet from the ground. 30g portion was taken from the first sample at zero hour (the control) and analyzed for sugar content using spectrophotometer and density bottle methods; and for peroxide value (PO). These were repeated every two hour interval until the 8th hour for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th exposed samples respectively. Results indicate that the sugar content decreased with exposure time. The highest sugar concentration was recorded for the zero hour (control _ unexposed sample). Peroxide value of 40meq/kg was obtained at the zero hour before dropping steadily to 5meq/kg at the 4th hour (mid point of exposure time) and then rising suddenly to 150meq/kg at the 8th hour of exposure. Conclusion from the findings suggest that exposure of fruits to the environment affects the food quality.
Publication Title Correlation between Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and plant growth of two cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) clones under Bentex T(Benomyl+Thiram) soil treatments
Publication Type journal
Publisher African Journal of Agricultural Research
Paper Link https://DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2020.14908
Publication Authors Ifeanyi Mirian Oyem & Philippine Chigozie Okubor
Year Published 2020-12-12
Abstract Growth response of two clones of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava), TMS 30555 and TMS 30572 to
Bentex T soil treatment was studied. Mycorrhizal root colonization in relation to growth parameters
such as stomata size, plant water content, plant foliation, as well as height and stem circumference was
examined. Bentex T, a fungicide which could be used to limit the growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM)
fungi was added to soil at the concentrations of zero 0 (control), 50, 100, 500 and 1000 µg a.i. /g soil.
Growth parameters had minimal variations (p? 0.05) between treatments in both clones of the plant.
However, clonal differences at (p? 0.01) occurred in some of the growth parameters. The level of root
colonization by the AM fungi affected the growth response of the plant. The untreated soil (control) with
the highest AM fungi root colonization (84%) had the least plant foliation (15 and 16) and height (34.1
and 28.5 cm) for TMS 30572 and TMS 30555, respectively. The highest values obtained for stomata size
(width and length) were at 50 µg/g bentex concentration; 0.040 and 0.019mm for TMS 30572 and 0.017
and 0.007 for TMS 30555, respectively. The least value obtained for the stomata size was at the zero (0)
µg/g bentex concentration. Plants from soil treated with 100 µg/g bentex T concentration had the
highest amount of water; 75% for TMS 30572 and 76% for TMS 30555. The untreated soil had plants with
the least amount of water. Implications of Bentex T soil treatment of cassava plants was discussed in
relation to mycorrhizal colonization rating and some growth parameters of the test plant.
Publication Title Factors Influencing Utilization of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS Services Among Pregnant Women In Selected Government Health Facilities In Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State
Publication Type journal
Publisher International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)
Publication Authors Oliweh Ifeanyi Solomon & Dr (Mrs) Oyem, Ifeanyi M.
Year Published 2021-01-01
Abstract This study was set out to assess the factors influencing
the utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission of
HIV/AIDS services among pregnant women in selected
government health facilities in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State. In
carrying out this study, the researcher received a number of
related literatures in the topic. In line with the three objectives of
the study, three questions were postulated. The study is
significant to the pregnant women, health care providers
(nurses/mid wives) to the society as well as the researcher. It
exposed the level of knowledge of PMTCT, the extent of
utilization and factors influencing the utilization of PMTCT of
HIV/AIDS services. Descriptive non experimental design was
adopted for the study, and a random sampling technique was used in selecting the health facilities while a convenient sampling
was used in selecting the participants. A self developed
questionnaire was administered to the respondents and same
retrieved, analysis of data was done using frequency distribution
table, percentage and charts. Results obtained revealed that
pregnant women in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State had a good knowledge about PMTCT of HIV/AIDS services, but extent of utilization is very poor, due to stigmatization among other factors. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for
PMTCT of HIV/AIDS should be a care part of antenatal
education as well as organization of seminars and work on PMTCT of all level of health care for care providers and general population.
Publication Title Bacterial Communities Utilizing Naphthalene in Soil Contaminated by Auto-Mechanic Waste: A Study in Agbor, Delta State
Publication Type journal
Publisher Faculty of Computing, University of Delta, Agbor.
Publication Authors Igborgbor, J.C, Oyem, I.M., Okolo, J. C, Oshilonyah L.U. and Ekhaise, F.O.
Year Published 2024-12-01
Abstract Naphthalene, a primary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, represents a significant pollutant in petroleum
Date Received: contaminated soils. This study investigated the abundance of naphthalene-utilizing bacteria in soils Date Accepted: contaminated with automobile waste in Agbor, Delta State. Soil samples were collected from automobile workshops located in Agbor, specifically Orubor, Memeh, and Odim, utilizing a soil auger. Enumeration and characterization of naphthalene-utilizing bacterial populations were conducted employing standard microbiological methods. During both dry and wet seasons, the total heterotrophic bacterial counts was between 0.5-2.25 × 106 CFU/g and 0 - 9.20 × 106 CFU/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the total counts of naphthalene-utilizing bacteria varied between 0- to 0.73 × 105 CFU/g and 0.019 - 1.47 × 106 CFU/g respectively. Although the total heterotrophic bacterial counts generally exceeded those of naphthalene-
utilizing bacteria, the difference was not statistically significant across most locations. The genera of naphthalene-utilizing bacteria identified in the automobile-contaminated soil encompassed Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Enterococcus. Notably, Pseudomonas species predominated in all sampling locations. This study underscores the presence of diverse naphthalene-utilizing bacterial communities in automobile contaminated soil environments, with Pseudomonas species notably abundant. These findings suggested the potential of Pseudomonas species as a promising candidate for bioremediation strategies aimed at mitigating naphthalene contamination.
Publication Title COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STORAGE CHEMISTRY OF GROUNDNUT AND PALM OIL.
Publication Type journal
Publisher Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN)
Paper Link https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v49i3.979
Publication Authors Oyem, H. H. & Oyem, I.M.
Year Published 2024-06-29
Abstract Storage chemistry of palm oil and groundnut oil samples were studied for their quality over the course of storage time and their impact on quality and health. Palm oil and groundnut oil samples were subjected to different moisture contents (water concentration) for some time. The acid values (AVs), free fatty acid (FFA) values, peroxide (P.O) vales, and iodine values (IVs) were determined using standard methods of the American Society of Oil Chemistry monitored during this period. Results indicate that AVs, FFA, and IVs increase with moisture content. Secondly, the AVs, FFA, and IVs of palm oil are higher than those of groundnut oil. Thirdly, the AVs, FFA, and IVs are directly dependent on the moisture content of the oils and increase correspondingly with an increase in water content. Generally, palm oil was found to be more susceptible to spoilage during storage and more affected by lipid oxidation. It is recommended that a threshold limit aw of ? 0.21 for moisture content be the standard for stored edible oils. Consumers should avoid storing and eating palm oil stored for a long period.
Publication Title SAFE UTILIZATION OF HEAVY METALS-POLLUTED SOILS FOR HEALTHY FOOD PRODUCTION
Publication Type journal
Publisher Faculty of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafewa Balewa University, Bauchi
Paper Link www.njaat.atbu.edu.ng
Publication Authors Oyem, H. H. & Oyem, I.M.
Year Published 2024-06-01
Abstract The safe utilization of globally decreasing arable land polluted with heavy metals from increasing industrial activities was reviewed. Global industrialization and commercialization has caused soil to be inundated with various deleterious heavy metals with the attendant health implications to the sustainable development of man in the global environment. This paper considered the sources (both anthropogenic and geogenic) of these heavy metals in soil to understand the dynamism of the soil heavy metal pollution. It considers the temperate and tropical soil types and appropriately described the contamination patterns and the relevant soilspecific ways of alleviating and making the limited available land conducive for agriculture. It highlights the equilibrium dynamics between soil (rock) surface, heavy metals lability, soil solution, and the various strategies to sequester the labile heavy metals component of the soil solution which is the cardinal proportion that is bio-available for uptake by plants. It concluded by proffering smart-farming strategies based on the adaption of soil chemistry and soil microbiology principles for farming with particular reference to heavy metals-contaminated soils which can mitigate the accumulation of these heavy metals at toxic levels in the food chain.
Publication Title Heavy Metals Sludge from Septic Tank Sewage: Implication for Use as Fertilizer
Publication Type journal
Publisher Nigerian Journal of Microbiology (NJM)
Publication Authors Oyem, I.M. & Oyem, H. H,
Year Published 2024-12-01
Abstract Sludge contains nutrients, heavy metals, and metalloids some of which are essential macronutrients, such as N, P, K, Ca, Mn and other essential trace elements, such as Cu, Fe and Zn. This paper examines the heavy metals within the septic tank system and their eventual accumulation as components of sludge with implication for agricultural use. Sludge samples from the inlet and outlet chambers of the septic tank were randomly collected from three study locations in the south-south region of Nigeria. The composite samples were made for each of these study locations from which nine trace metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni and Va) were analysed. The concentrations of the metals were determined using standard methods for water and wastewater examination. Results showed that sludge samples from the anaerobic bioreactors contained a high concentration of various trace metals. Iron had the highest mean concentration level of 556 ± 0.2 mg/kg – 3391 ± 1.13 in the raw sewage sludge sample, while vanadium was the least in abundance with mean concentrations of 0.86, 0.77, and 1.52 mg/kg in locations A, B and C respectively in the inlet chamber sludge samples. Although, sludge is variously used for agricultural purpose, there is need for treatment to reduce the concentration levels of heavy metals prior to its use as fertilizer as a matter of public health importance.